OHSAS18001：2007新版标准的新要求
OHSAS18001: 2007 edition of the new requirements of the standards
如今，职业健康安全管理体系(OHSMS)已经不仅在石油与天然气、采矿、建筑、制造等行业，而且也在诸如食品或服务等看似“安全”的行业广泛开展。OHSMS国际标准是1999年出版的职业健康与安全评估系列(OHSAS)规范文件：OHSAS 18001：1999。OHSAS 18001在出版之后，由于被证明是一种实现组织OHS承诺的良好方法，从而得到了全世界的普遍应用。今天，OHSAS 18001巳经被100个国家15000家公司所采用。OHSAS 18001标准尽管取得了成功，但仍然在不断更新。
Nowadays, occupation health and safety management system ( OHSMS ) has not only in oil and natural gas, mining, construction, manufacturing and other industries, but also in such as food or services such as seemingly" safety " of the industry to carry out a wide range of. The OHSMS international standard was published in 1999 for the occupation health and Safety Assessment Series ( OHSAS ) specification file: OHSAS 18001: 1999. OHSAS 18001 in publishing, as proved to be a good method to achieve organizational commitments to OHS, thus obtained the world universal application. Today, OHSAS 18001 has been to 100 countries 15000 companies by. The OHSAS 18001 standard for all his success, but still in the continually updated.
    新版标准OHSAS 18001：2007已于2007年7月1日正式发布。虽然OHSAS 18001：2007并不是治愈组织中所有OHS问题的良药，但是它具有独特的全球认可地位，通过这套完整的行之有效的管理系统，能实现更好的工作环境和持续改进。现在许多组织正在实施职业健康安全管理体系(OHSMS)，依据OHSAS 18001标准进行企业的风险管理，以求降低企业职业健康安全风险，有效预防和减少事故，并消除违反职业健康安全法规的风险，提高员工的满意度及企业竞争力，使得各类组织在控制职业安全健康风险、改善其绩效方面卓有成效。
The standard OHSAS 18001: 2007 was released in July 1, 2007. Although OHSAS 18001 : 2007 not cure all the organization OHS problem of the medicine, but it has a unique global accreditation status, through the complete set of effective management system, can achieve a better working environment and continuous improvement. Now many organizations are implementing occupation health and safety management system ( OHSMS ), according to the OHSAS 18001 standard for enterprise risk management, in order to reduce the occupation health and safety risks of enterprises, to effectively prevent and reduce accidents, violation of occupation health and safety regulations and eliminate risk, improve employee satisfaction and the competitiveness of enterprises, so that various types of tissue in the control of occupation safety and health risk, improve its performance very fruitful.
    1 标准改版原则
1 standard correcting principle
    2006年，OHSAS编委会开始了修订工作。修改工作草案最初于2006年1月公开征求意见。经过10个月的工作，第二版工作草案于2006年11月公开征求意见。作为OHSAS 18001的配套文件，OHSAS 18002职业健康安全管理体系的操作指南OHSAS 18002的修订于2007年7月启动。证书转换期为2年，过渡期至2009年7月1日。
In 2006, OHSAS editorial board began a revision. Modify the working draft in 2006 January initial public comments. After 10 months of work, the second edition in 2006 November working draft for public comments. As OHSAS 18001 OHSAS 18002 supporting documents, occupation health safety management system operation guide OHSAS 18002 revised in 2007 July start. Certificate conversion for a period of 2 years, the transition period to July 1, 2009.
    OHSAS 18001：2007新标准于2007年7月1日发布，新版标准比以往更加注重以结果为导向。标准的改版原则突出了系统整合的思想，增加了与ISO 9001：2000版及ISO14001：2004版的兼容性，保留了与ISO 14001：2004条款相同的顺序和大部分修改内容，以便组织更好地进行质量、环境、安全卫生管理体系的整合。
OHSAS 18001: 2007 new standards issued in July 1, 2007, the new edition standard than before more results-oriented. The revision of the standard principles focus on system integration thought, increased with ISO 9001 : 2000 and ISO14001: 2004 edition retains the compatibility, with ISO 14001: 2004 in terms of the same order and most changes to the content, so that the organization better quality, environment, safety and health management system integration.
    2 OHSAS 18001的新旧版比较
2 OHSAS 18001 new edition comparison
    2.1 OHSAS 18001的新旧版架构比较
2.1 OHSAS 18001 new edition structure comparison
    OHSAS 18001：2007新版标准在架构上与ISO 14001：2004更加协调。新版标准将1999版4.3.3目标和4.3.4安全健康管理方案合二为一，变为4.3.3目标、指标与安全卫生方案；新增4.5.2符合性评估条文，这些都与ISO 14001：2004相一致。1999版4.5.2事故、事件、不符合、纠正及预防措施条文，修改为新版4.5.3，并分为4.5.3.1事件调查和.4.5.3.2不符合、纠正及预防措施两个子条文。
OHSAS 18001: 2007 Edition criterion in architecture and ISO 14001: 2004 more harmonious. The new standard will be the 1999 edition of the 4.3.3 target and 4.3.4 safety health management solutions become, become 4.3.3 targets, indicators and health and safety plan; the new 4.5.2 conformity assessment provisions, these are associated with ISO 14001: 2004 consistent. The 1999 edition of the 4.5.2 accident, incident, nonconformity, corrective and preventive measures for provisions, modified version of 4.5.3, and is divided into 4.5.3.1 incident investigation and. 4.5.3.2 nonconformity, corrective and preventive actions two sub clause.
    2.2 OHSAS 18001：2007新版名词与定义的变化
2.2 OHSAS 18001: 2007 new terms and definitions change
    OHSAS 18001：2007新版删除2项名词与定义(事故和安全)；新增了“疾病、职业健康安全方针、预防措施、纠正措施、程序、记录、文件和工作场所”8项名词与定义，其余名词与定义作相关修正，如审核、持续改善、纠正措施、不符合等名词。
OHSAS 18001: 2007 Edition removed 2 terms and definitions ( accident and safety ); add a " disease, occupation health and safety guidelines, preventive measures, corrective measures, procedures, records, files and workplace" 8 terms and definitions, the remaining terms and definitions as amended, such as auditing, continuous improvement, corrective measures, does not conform to the terms.
    新增术语，如疾病：由于工作活动和(或)与工作有关的引起的(或)造成的可以确认的身体的或精神的损伤；工作场所：组织控制下的进行与工作相关的实际位置；事件：导致或可能导致伤害、疾病(不管严重程度)或死亡的与工作有关的情况(注1：事故是导致伤害、疾病或死亡发生的事件。注2：其结果未产生疾病、伤害、损坏或其他损失的事件还可以称作“near-miss”、“near-hit”、“close call”或“dangerous occurrence”注3：紧急情况是一种特殊的事件)。可接受风险：降低到根据组织适用的法律法规和职业健康安全方针可以容忍水平的风险。
New terms, such as disease: because the work activity and ( or ) of work-related cause ( or causes ) can be recognized by a physical or mental injury; the workplace: tissue under the control of work associated with the actual position; event: cause or may cause injury, disease ( regardless of severity ) or the death of a work-related situation ( Note 1: accidents are the leading cause of injury, illness or death events. Note 2: the result does not have a disease, injury, damage or other loss events can also be called" near-miss"," near-hit"," close call" or" dangerous occurrence" note 3: emergency is a kind of special events ). Acceptable risk: reduced to organized according to applicable laws and regulations and occupation health and safety guidelines can be tolerable levels of risk.
    修正术语，如“不符合”1999版定义“任何与工作标准、惯例、程序、法规、管理体系绩效等的偏离，其结果能够直接或间接导致伤害或疾病、财产损失、工作环境破坏或这些情况的组合”，2007版定义为“未满足要求”，这是与ISO14001：2004标准一致的。
Correction terms, such as" do not meet the definition of" version 1999" any work standards, practices, procedures, regulations, management system such as performance deviation, the results can directly or indirectly lead to injury or illness, property damage, damage of working environment or a combination of these 2007 Edition", defined as" does not meet the requirements," this is consistent with ISO14001: 2004.
    3 OHSAS 18001：2007新要求
3 OHSAS 18001: 2007 new requirements
    (a)更多的关注由职业“健康”转到职业“安全”，相比资产安全及保安控制，更多关注职业安全。
( a ) more attention from occupation to occupation" health"," safe" compared with the asset safety and security control, pay more attention to occupation safety.
    (b)条款中“事件”一词代替“意外”被更多的提及。
( b ) the term " event" instead of " accident" was more references.
    (c)新的定义被引入到条款中，其中包括“事件”——导致或可能导致伤害、疾病(不管严重程度)或死亡的与工作有关的情况；“风险”——危险事件发生或暴露其中的可能性和有时间或暴露其中导致伤害或疾病严重程度的组合；“风险评估”——聘雇采取了任何适当的控制措施后，危害因数造成的风险是否可以接受的过程等主要定义，并对现有的定义也进行了修订。
( c ) the new definition was introduced into the articles, including" events" -- cause or may cause injury, disease ( regardless of severity ) or the death of a work-related situation;" risk" -- dangerous events or exposed to the possibility and have the time or the exposure which lead to injury or disease severity combination;" risk assessment" -- any any appropriate control measures, hazard factor causing risk acceptable process and other key definitions, and the existing definitions were revised.
    (d)条款中用词“可忍受风险”——根据组织的法律义务和职业健康安全方针，已降至组织可接受程度的风险被“可承受风险”——降低到根据组织适用的法律法规和职业健康安全方针可以容忍水平的风险取代。
( d ) in terms of the word" tolerable risk" -- according to the organization's legal obligations and occupation health and safety policy, has been reduced to acceptable levels of risk of organization was" acceptable risk" -- reduced to organized according to applicable laws and regulations and occupation health and safety guidelines can be tolerable levels of risk to replace.
    (e)新版标准中，危害因素定义：可能导致人身伤害、疾病的根源、状态、行为或其组合，定义中不再指“财产损失或对工作环境的危害”，且不直接关系到职业健康安全管理体系，而是被划归到资产管理的范畴。取而代之的，此种威胁到职业健康安全的“危险”应通过组织的风险评估过程来鉴别，并通过相应风险控制来消除隐患。
( E ) the new standard, hazard factor definition: may lead to personal injury, the root causes of the disease, condition, action or combinations thereof, definition of" no longer means loss of property or on hazards in the work environment", and not directly related to the occupation health and safety management system, but was transferred to the asset management category. Replace sb., such a threat to the occupation health and safety of the" dangerous" through the organization of the risk assessment process to identify, and through the corresponding risk control to eliminate the hidden trouble.
    (f)在危险源辨别、风险评估、决定控制，能力、训练和意识条款中行为、能力和其它的人为因素被视为重要元素。如危险源辨别增加“(c)条行为、能力和其它的人为因素”。
( f ) in hazard identification, risk assessment, decision control, ability, training and awareness in terms of behavior, ability and other factors considered important elements. Such as dangerous source discriminability increased" ( c ) the behavior, and other human factors".
    (g)“符合性评估”项引入了新条款：“4.5.2.1为了履行遵守法律法规要求的承诺，组织应建立、实施并保持一个或多个程序，以定期评价对适用法律法规的遵守情况。组织应保存对上述定期评价结果的记录”。“4.5.2.2组织应评价对其他要求的遵守情况。这可以和4.5.2.1中所要求的评价一起进行，也可以另外制定程序，分别进行评价。组织应保存对上述定期评价结果的记录”与ISO 14001保持一致。
( g )" conformity assessment" introduced new terms:" 4.5.2.1 in order to perform the compliance with laws and regulations requires commitment, the organization shall establish, implement and maintain a procedure, for periodically evaluating compliance with applicable laws and regulations. The organization shall keep records of the results of periodic evaluations". "The 4.5.2.2 should be evaluated for compliance with other requirements. This can and 4.5.2.1 required in the evaluation together, also can develop procedures, were evaluated respectively. The organization shall keep records of the results of periodic evaluations" and ISO 14001 consistent.
    (h)对参与和协商提出了全新要求：4.3.3分为2个子项目4.3.3.1沟通；4.3.3.2参与和协商。
( H ) on the participation and consultation brings forward new requirements: 4.3.3 is divided into 2 sub project 4.3.3.1 communication; 4.3.3.2 participation and consultation.
    (i)新条款引入了事件调查：4.5.3.1事件调查——组织应建立、实施并保持一个或多个程序，以便：①确定可能引起或导致事件发生的职业健康安全缺陷和其他因素；②识别纠正措施的需要；③识别预防措施的需要；④识别持续改进的机会；⑤通报这些调查的结果。事件调查应及时进行。任何识别出来的纠正措施或预防措施即会应依照4.5.3.2相关内容处理。事件调查结果应形成文件并保持。
( I ) the new provisions introduced incident: 4.5.3.1 incident investigation -- the organization shall establish, implement and maintain a procedure, in order to : determining may cause or lead to events occurring in the occupation health security flaws and other factors; the identifying corrective action needed; the identification of preventive interventions needs; the identification of continuous opportunities for improvement; and reporting the results of these surveys. Incident investigation should be timely. Any identified the correction measures and preventive measures that shall be in accordance with 4.5.3.2 related content processing. Incident investigation results shall be documented and maintained.
    (j)变更管理被明确提及(如4.3.1中，对于变更管理组织应在这些变更开始之前，识别与组织、职业健康安全体系或其活动的变更相关的职业健康安全危害因素和风险)。
( J ) change management is explicitly mentioned ( such as 4.3.1, for change management organizations in these changes before the start, identification and organization, occupation health safety system or its activities related to the change of occupation health and safety hazards and risks ).
    (k)控制被引入条款作为建立职业健康安全管理体系的构成(如4.3.1中：决定控制方法或考虑变更现有控制方法时，应基于以下顺序对降低风险予以考虑，①消除、②取代、③工程控制、④标示、警告和管理控制、⑤个体防护)。
( k ) control is introduced to establish terms as occupation health and safety management system ( such as 4.3.1: decide which control method or modify existing control methods, should be based on the following order to reduce the risk of consideration, remove, replace, and the engineering control, the label, warning and management control, the individual protection ).
    (l)现在OHSAS 18001相比早先的以条款和文件为基础版本已经形成了一个标准，越来越多的国家采用OHSAS 18001为国家职业健康安全管理体系的蓝本。
( L ) OHSAS 18001 now compared to earlier to terms and documents based version has become a standard, more and more countries are using OHSAS 18001 as the national occupation health safety management system based on.
    4 结论
4 Conclusion
    总之OHSAS 18001：2007版标准与IS0 14001：2004和ISO9001：2000更加协调，溶入了现代和行之有效的职业健康安全管理体系理念．并且其内容和定义更加科学、规范、合理和完善且更利于操作。巳经通过OHSAS 18001认证的组织将有两年的过渡期。我们建议这些组织尽快开始实施改进和调整，以便从新版标准中获得收益。虽然OHSAS 18001：2007并不是冶愈组织中所有OHS问题的良药，但是它具有独特的全球认可地位。通过这套完整的行之有效的管理系统，能实现更好的工作环境和持续改进。
In OHSAS 18001: 2007 version of the standard IS0 14001: 2004 and ISO9001: 2000 more coordinated, into a modern and effective occupation health safety management system concept. And its contents and definition is more scientific, standard, reasonable and perfect and easy for operation. Have passed OHSAS 18001 certification organization will have two years of transition period. We suggest that these organizations started as soon as possible to implement improvements and adjustments, so that from the new standard with benefit. Although OHSAS 18001 : 2007 not to heal all the organization OHS problem of the medicine, but it has a unique global accreditation status. The complete set of effective management system, can achieve a better working environment and continuous improvement.

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