卫生、安全与环境管理体系（HSE—MS）的发展过程
Health, safety and environment management system ( HSE - MS ) development process
职业安全卫生系列标准（暂定为ISO18000系列标准）的出台是非常困难的事情，在这种情况下，健康、安全、环境管理体系（HSE—MS）在国际石油界悄然而起。卫生（H）、安全（S）、环境（E）的管理在全球范围内的石油勘探开发（EP）和下游生产活动中已成为普遍关注的问题，形成了HSE—MS（即卫生、安全、环境管理体系）。
Occupation safety and health series standard (tentative for the ISO18000 series standards ) come on stage is a very difficult thing, in this case, the health, safety, environment management system ( HSE - MS ) in the international petroleum industry quietly and. Health ( H ), security ( S ), environment ( E ) management in the context of the global petroleum exploration and development ( EP ) and downstream production activity has become a common concern, forming the HSE - MS (i.e., health, safety, environment management system ).
    HSE—MS形成和发展过程
HSE - MS formation and development process
    卫生、安全、环境管理体系（HSE—MS）的形成和发展是石油勘探开发（EP）和炼化生产多年工作经验积累的成果，体现完整的一体化管理。
Health, safety, environment management system ( HSE - MS ) and the formation and development of petroleum exploration and development ( EP ) and the refining and chemical production for many years of accumulated experience results, reflect the complete integration of management.
    1974年，石油工业国际勘探开发论坛（E&O Forum）建立，它是石油公司国际协会的石油工业组织，论坛现有成员52名，来自世界上六十个不同的国家。勘探开发论坛组织了专题的工作组，从事卫生、安全和环境体系的开发。
In 1974, oil industry international exploration and Development Forum ( E&O Forum ) to build, it is the oil companies International Association of petroleum industrial organization, forum currently has 52 members, from sixty different countries in the world. Exploration and development forum organizing a special working group, engaged in the health, safety and environment system development.
    国外专家曾这样评价过安全工作的发展过程，六十年代以前主要是从安全方向要求，在装备上不断改善对人们的保护，利用自动化控制手段使工艺流程的保护性能得完善；七十年代以后，注重了对人的行为研究，注重考察人与环境的相互关系；八十年代以后，逐渐发展形成了一系列安全管理的思路和方法。以壳牌石油集团公司为例，1985年，壳牌公司向被广泛承认的世界上最好的工业安全成效之一的Du pont做咨询，首次在石油勘探开发中提出强化安全管理（SMS）的构想和作法，以更好地提高安全成效。1986年，在强化安全管理（SMS）的构想和作法，以更好地提高安全成效。1986年，在强化安全管理（SMS）的基础上，形成手册。接着，在1987年，壳牌公司发布了环境管理指南（EMG），并于1992年修订再版。1989年，壳牌公司颁发了职业卫生管理导则（OHMG）。
Foreign experts have commented on the safety work of the development process, before sixty time is mainly from the security requirements on equipment, and constantly improve the people's protection, using automatic control means processes the protection performance improvement; seventy years later, to focus on the study of human behavior, focusing on people and the environment of mutual relationship; eighty years later, gradually formed a series of security management ideas and methods. The shell oil company as an example, in 1985, shell company to be widely recognized the world's best industrial safety effect is one of Du pont consulting, for the first time in petroleum exploration and development put forward to strengthen the safety management ( SMS ) concept and practice, to better improve the safety performance. In 1986, strengthen safety management ( SMS ) concept and practice, to better improve the safety performance. In 1986, strengthen safety management ( SMS ) basis, forming handbook. Then, in 1987, the company released the shell guide to environmental management ( EMG ), and in 1992 revised reprint. In 1989, shell company issued the occupation health management guidelines ( OHMG ).
    国际上的几次重大事故同样震动安全工作的不断深化和发展。如1987年瑞士的SANDOZ大火，1988年英国北海油田的帕玻尔?阿尔法平台事故，以及1989年的EXXON VALDEZ的泄油引起了工业界的广泛注意，并采取有效的管理系统以避免重大事故。如1989年，EXXON公司在阿拉斯加的VALDEZ发生的重大泄油污染事故后，国际海事组织于1990年在伦敦召开了防止石油对海洋污染和国际合作会议，于1990年11月30日形成最后的条例。同一时期，美国制定了OPA—90（OIL POLLUTION ACT—90）石油污染法，详细规定了大型油船今后不再生产单壳体，今后将由双壳体代替。对帕玻尔?阿尔法平台事故，1990年英国能源部组织的卡伦调查报告依据完整的安全评估提出了安全管理体系和安全状况报告的要求，壳牌公司制定出自己的安全管理体系（SMS），并在壳牌集团范围的海上作业实施“安全状况报告（Safety Case）”。由于对卫生、安全、环境危害管理在原则和效果上彼此相似，在实际过程中，它们三者又有不可分的联系，因此很自然地把健康、安全和环境形成一个整体的管理体系，在1991年，壳牌公司委员会颁布健康安全环境（HSE）方针指南。1991年在荷兰海牙召开了第一届油气勘探、开发的卫生、安全、环保国际会议，HSE这一完整概念逐步为大家所接受。1992年，壳牌公司出版EP92—01100，形成安全管理体系（SMS）。1994年油气勘探开发的安全、环保国际会议在印度尼西亚雅加达召开。我国石油天然气总公司作为会议发起人之一和资助者派代表参加会议及论文的评定。由于这种会议由SPE发起，并得到IPICA（国际石油工业保护协会）和AAPG（美国石油地质工作者协会）的支持，影响面很大，有全球各大石油公司和服务厂商的参与，因而HSE的活动在全球范围内迅速展开。1994年7月，壳牌石油公司为勘探开发论坛制定的“开发和使用健康、安全、环境管理体系导则”正式出版。1994年9月，壳牌石油公司HSE委员会制定的“健康安全和环境管理体系”正式颁发。从第一届卫生、安全、环保国际会议到1996年6月在美国新奥尔良召开的第三届国际会议的专著论文中，我们感受到HSE正作为一个整体管理体系出现在石油工业上游和下游，而目前开展HSE最好的是杜邦公司。
The several major accident the same vibration safety work of deepening and development. As of 1987 the Swiss SANDOZ fire, in 1988 the British in Beihai oil field, Bohr Alfa platform accident, as well as the 1989 EXXON VALDEZ oil spill caused the industry wide attention, and take effective management system to prevent major accidents. As of 1989, company in Alaska EXXON VALDEZ 's major oil pollution accident, the International Maritime Organization on 1990 in London held prevent oil on marine pollution and international cooperation, in November 30, 1990 to form the final regulations. During the same period, the United States developed OPA - 90 ( OIL POLLUTION ACT - 90 ) oil pollution act, which specifies a large tanker will no longer produce single shell, will consist of two shell instead of. On Bohr, Alfa platform accident, 1990 the British Department of energy of the Cullen report according to complete safety assessment is put forward with the safety management system and security status report request, shell companies to develop their own safety management system ( SMS ), and in the shell group sea operation carried out" safety status report ( Safety Case )". Due to the health, safety, environmental hazards management in principle and the effect are similar to each other, in the actual process, they are also the three are inseparable contact, so that it is natural for the health, safety and environment form a complete management system, in 1991, Shell Companies Commission of health safety and environment ( HSE ) policy guide. 1991 in Holland, Hague held the first session of oil and gas exploration, development of health, safety, environmental protection international conference, HSE this one concept gradually accepted. In 1992, shell company published in EP92 - 01100, forming a safety management system ( SMS ). In 1994, oil and gas exploration and development, environmental safety of international conference held in Jakarta, Indonesia. China Petroleum and Natural Gas Corporation as the meeting one of the sponsors and sponsors send a delegate to attend the meeting and the evaluation. As a result of this conference is sponsored by SPE, and IPICA ( International Petroleum Industry Protection Association ) and AAPG ( American Association of petroleum geologists ) support, influence surface, a major global oil companies and service providers involved, and HSE activity in the global context of rapid expansion. In 1994 July, shell oil company for exploration and development forum to develop" the development and use of health, safety, environment management system guidelines for" official publication. In 1994 September, shell oil company HSE commission to develop the " health, safety and environmental management system" issued a formal. From the first health, safety, environmental protection and international conference in June to 1996 in the United States of New Orleans at the Third International Conference on paper, we feel that HSE is as a whole management system in petroleum industry upstream and downstream, and the current developing HSE best is Dupont company.
    到1995年，壳牌石油公司将英国政府调查报告所提出的SMS和SC（安全状况报告），EP92——0100出版的安全管理体系，石油作业公司的经验和危害管理的技术集于一体，采用与ISO9000和英国标准（BS）5750质量保证体系相一致的原则，充实了卫生、安全、环境这三项内容，形成了完整的一体化的HSE管理体系（HSE—MS）EP95—0000。这是石油行业长期以来经验积累的产物。
By 1995, the shell oil company to the British government report put out by SMS and SC ( security status report ), EP92 -- 0100 published safety management system, oil companies operating experience and risk management techniques in one set, with ISO9000 and British Standard ( BS ) 5750 quality assurance system consistent with the principles, full of health, safety, environment the three content, form a complete integration of HSE management system ( HSE - MS ) EP95 0000. This is the oil industry has long accumulated experience.
    HSE—MS得到了ISO重视
HSE - MS is ISO attached
    这一标准的制订和执行在一些西方石油公司中发展很快，国际标准化组织（ISO）的TC67分委会随之也在一些成员国家的推动下，着手从事这项工作。ISO/TC67是负责石油天然气工业材料、设备和海上结构标准化的技术委员会，其秘书处在美国石油学会，中国是该委员会的成员国。1996年1月，ISO/TC67的SC6分委会发布了《石油和天然气工业健康、安全与环境（HSE）管理体系》（ISO/CD14690标准草案），虽然这标准目前尚未经国际标准化组织批准正式公布，但已得到了世界各主要石油公司的认可，成为石油和石化工业各种公司进入国际市场的入场券。
This standard formulation and implementation in some western Petroleum Company develops very quickly, the international organization for Standardization ( ISO ) of the TC67 committee also in some member states drive below, set about this job. ISO / TC67 is responsible for petroleum and natural gas industries materials, equipment and Marine Structure Standardization Technical Committee, the Secretariat of the American Petroleum Institute, China is a member of this committee of china. In 1996 January, ISO / TC67 SC6 Committee issued the" petroleum and natural gas industries - health, safety and environment ( HSE ) management system" ( ISO / CD14690 standard draft ), although this has not been the standard international standard organization approved formally announced, but has been the world's major oil company, as the petroleum and petrochemical industry of the company to enter the international market admission ticket.

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