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如何拿到绿色通行证---实施ISO14001 认证基本步骤

发布时间:2011-9-25 0:00:00

如何拿到绿色通行证---实施ISO14001 认证基本步骤
How to get the green pass - the implementation of ISO14001 certification basic steps
ISO14000环境管理体系系列标准以其广泛的内涵和普遍的适用性,在国际上引起了极大的反响。ISO14001作为ISO14000系列标准中的主体标准,规定了组织(包括政府机构、企事业单位,政府机构、企事业单位的部分或结合体)建立、实施并保持的环境管理体系的基本模式和基本要求,该标准适用于任何类型和规模的组织,并适用于各种地理、文化和社会条件。
ISO14000 environmental management system standards in its broad meaning and general applicability, in international caused great repercussions. ISO14001 as ISO14000 series standard in the main standard, regulates tissue ( including government agencies, enterprises and institutions, government agencies, enterprises and institutions part or combination ) to establish, implement and maintain the environment management system, the basic model and the basic requirements, the standard is applicable to any type and size of the organization, and is applicable to a variety of geographic, cultural and social conditions.
    随着ISO14001环境管理体系标准的推广,组织对建立与实施环境管理体系的意义有着越来越清楚的认识,也有越来越多的组织希望获得ISO14001认证证书。在此,我们将介绍组织获取ISO14001认证证书的基本程序。
With the ISO14001 environment management system standard promotion, organization to establish and implement environmental management system, the significance is more and more clear understanding, there are more and more organizations hope to obtain ISO14001 certification. Here, we will introduce the organization to obtain ISO14001 certification program.
    可以将组织获取ISO14001认证证书的过程分为两个阶段。
The organization can obtain ISO14001 certification process is divided into two stages.
    第一阶段,建立并实施ISO14001环境管理体系阶段。
The first stage, the establishment and implementation of ISO14001 environmental management system stage.
    这一阶段,组织应建立并实施ISO14001环境管理体系,从形式上符合ISO14001标准的要求。
This stage, the organization shall establish and implement the ISO14001 environment management system, from the form in accordance with the standard of ISO14001.
    ISO14001环境管理体系的建立和实施遵循自愿原则,由组织最高管理者决策是否建立和实施ISO14001环境管理体系。如果组织决定建立体系,具体应完成以下几个方面的工作:
ISO14001 environment management system establishment and implementation of the principle of free will, by the top management of the organization decision whether to establish and implement the ISO14001 environment management system. If the organization decides to build system, specific should accomplish the job of the following respects:
    首先,要做好人、财、物方面的准备。由最高管理者书面任命环境管理者代表。最高管理者应授权建立相应的机构,并给予人力和财物方面的支持,以保证体系建立和运行的需要。
First of all, to do the work of good person, money, content with respect to preparation of. Written by top managers appointed environmental management representative. Top management shall be authorized to establish the corresponding institutions, and to give the human and property with respect to the support, to ensure the system establishment and operation needs.
    第二,要做好初始环境评审。这项工作是对组织过去和现在的环境管理情况进行评价,总结经验,找出存在的主要环境问题并分析其风险,以确定控制方法和将来的改进方向。一般来说,要做初始环境评审,先应组建由从事环保、生产、技术、设备等各方面的人员组成工作组。工作组要完成法律法规的识别和评价,环境因素的识别和评价,现有环境管理制度和ISO14001标准差距的评价,并形成初始环境评审报告。
Second, to do a good job in initial environmental review. This work is on the organization of past and present environmental management for evaluation, sum up experience, find out the main environmental problems and the analysis of its risk, in order to determine the control method and the improving direction in the future. In general, to do the initial environmental review, first should be established by engaged in environmental protection, production, technology, equipment and other aspects of the staff working group. The working group to complete the legal recognition and evaluation, environmental factors identification and evaluation, the existing environmental management system and ISO14001 standard disparity is evaluated, and the formation of initial environmental review report.
    第三,要完成环境管理体系策划工作。所谓的环境管理体系策划,就是根据初始环境评审的结果和组织的经济技术实力,制定环境方针;确定环境管理体系构架;确定组织机构与职责;制定目标、指标、环境管理方案;确定哪些环境活动需要制定运行控制程序。
Third, to complete the environmental management system planning. The so-called environmental management system planning, according to the results of the initial environmental review and organization of the economic and technological strength, develop environmental policy; to determine the environmental management system framework; determine the organization and responsibilities; goal setting, index, environmental management plan; to determine which environmental activities need to develop operation control program.
    第四,编制体系文件。ISO14001环境管理体系是一个文件化的环境管理体系,需编制环境管理手册、程序文件、作业指导书等。
In fourth, compiling system file. ISO14001 environment management system is a document of the environmental management system, making environmental management manual, procedures, work instructions and other.
    第五,运行环境管理体系。环境管理体系文件编制完成,正式颁布,就标志着环境管理体系已经建立并投入运行。
In fifth, operation of the environmental management system. Environmental management system documentation complete, officially promulgated, it symbolizes the environmental management system has been established and put in operation.
    在体系运行期间,为审查组织的环境管理活动是否已按环境管理体系文件的规定进行,环境管理体系是否得到了正确的实施和保持,为确定体系的持续适用性、充分性、有效性,组织应组织内部审核和管理评审。
During the system moves, to review the organization's environmental management activities is according to the environmental management system documentation, environmental management system is properly implemented and maintained, to determine its continuing suitability, adequacy, effectiveness, the organization shall organize internal audit and management review.
    贯穿这些工作始终的另一项重要工作是全员培训。建立和实施环境管理体系强调全员参与。建立和实施环境管理体系的任何一个环节,都有赖于全体人员共同努力,任何一个员工都不可能游离于体系之外,为使他们都能理解并以实际行动支持体系的建立和运行,组织必须进行充分的培训,内容从ISO14001标准,到环境方针,到适用法律法规,到个人职责,到重要环境因素,到体系文件,到作业指导书,到运行记录……
Through these work has always been another important work is the full training. Establishment and implementation of environmental management system on full participation. Establishment and implementation of environmental management system of any one link, relies on the joint efforts of all the staff, any one employee can not be free from outside the system, so that they can understand and take practical action to support the system up and running, the organization must be adequately trained, content from the ISO14001 standards, to environmental policy, to the applicable laws and regulations, to personal responsibility, to the important environmental factors, to system files, to the operating instructions, to run record ... ...
    如果组织在建立和实施体系的过程中,需要人员培训和技术支持,可以向环境管理体系咨询机构寻求帮助。按照我国规定,ISO14001环境管理体系咨询机构必须在国家环保总局科技司注册备案。
If the organization in the establishment and implementation of system in the process, the need for personnel training and technical support, may apply to the environmental management system consulting agency for help. According to China's regulations, ISO14001 environmental management system consulting agencies at the State Environmental Protection Administration Department of science and technology must be registered.
    第二阶段,认证取证阶段。
The second stage, certification evidence stages.
    经过内审和管理评审,组织如果确认其环境管理体系基本符合ISO14001标准要求,对组织适用性较好,且运行充分、有效,可向已获得中国环境管理体系认证机构认可委员会认可有认证资格的认证机构(查询可登录环认委网站://www.naceca.org)提出认证申请并签定认证合同,进入ISO14001环境管理体系认证审核阶段。
After internal audit and management review, if the organization to confirm its environmental management system according with ISO14001 standard requirements, the organization better applicability, and running the full, effective, to have access to Chinese environmental management system certification body accreditation committee accredited certification qualification certification body ( query log recognized Central Committee website: / / www.naceca.org ) put forward application for certification and signed contract entered into ISO14001 certification, environmental management system certification audit stage.
    认证审核是认证机构受组织委托,以第三方身份对组织的环境管理体系与ISO14001环境管理体系标准的符合性和运行、保持的有效性进行审核验证,并确定是否向组织发放认证证书的过程。
The certification is a certification body suffers an organization to entrust, to third party status on the organization's environmental management system and ISO14001 environmental management system standards compliance and operating, maintaining the effectiveness of verification, and to determine whether the organization issuing the certificate course.
    为接受认证机构的认证审核,组织应做好充分准备,保持体系有效运行。认证机构会派出审核组,审核组将对组织实施认证审核。认证审核包括第一阶段审核和第二阶段现场审核。在组织完成第二阶段现场审核开具的不符合纠正并经过审核组验证关闭后,机构经过认证评定,将确定是否批准组织的认证注册和颁发认证证书。
For the acceptance of the certification body of the certification audit, the organization should be well prepared, keep the system running effectively. The accrediting agency sends the audit team, the audit team to organize the implementation of certification audit. The certification includes a first stage and second stage audit audit. In the organization of completion of the second stage audit issued non-compliance corrective and approved set of validation after closure, agency after certification assessment, will decide whether to approve the organization of the registration and certification.
    认证证书有效期三年,三年内,组织要多次接受机构的监督审核;三年后,组织要申请复审,重新注册获得证书,此过程同第一次认证取证。
Certification is valid for three years, three years, the organization has to accept the supervision of audit; three years later, the organization should apply for reexamination, registration certificate obtained, this process is the same as the first authentication of evidence.
    在组织获取认证证书的两个阶段中,第一阶段是基础,第二阶段是对第一阶段工作的验证和肯定,两个阶段的工作相互联系,不可偏废。只有第一阶段工作充分有效,才有可能在第二阶段取得令人满意的结果;当然,也只有第二阶段工作有效,组织才有可能获得认证证书,从而最大程度的从建立和实施ISO14001环境管理体系方面受益。因此,我们提醒组织,在获取认证证书的过程中,不要轻视任何一个阶段的工作。同时,我们希望本文可以让组织在取证过程中少走一些弯路,尽早实现经济效益环境效益统一的良好愿望。
In the organization to obtain certification in two stages, the first stage is the foundation, is the second phase of the first stage work of verification and recognition, the job of two phase contact each other, can be neglected. Only the first phase of work effectively, is only possible in the second stage to obtain satisfactory results; of course, there are only second stage work effectively, the organization is likely to obtain certification, to the greatest extent from the establishment and implementation of ISO14001 environment management system benefit. Therefore, we remind the organization, in obtaining the certification process, and do not despise any one phase of the work. At the same time, we hope this paper can make organization in forensics process less take some detours, realize economic benefit environmental benefit unified good wishes.

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