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建立OHSAS18000体系存在的问题及对策

发布时间:2011-9-23 0:00:00

建立OHSAS18000体系存在的问题及对策
The establishment of OHSAS18000 system existence question and the countermeasure
安全生产是涉及多方面内容卜综合性工作,是一项系统工程。要做好安全生产工作且保持长期持久的效果,就要建立一种机制,这种机制应该能够把涉及安全生产的各项工作和活动有机地联系起来,从而使劳动者在没有危险、不出事故的状态下从事生产经营活动,且能够长期持久地保持下去。
Safety production is related to many aspects of the comprehensive work, is a system engineering. To do a good job of production safety and maintain long-term lasting effect, must build a mechanism, this mechanism should be able to give to each job of safe production and activities organically, so that workers are not in danger, not an accident conditions in production and business activities, and can be a long-term stay.
为了实现安全生产且能够长期持久地保持下去,就要把生产过程涉及的各种因素以及它们之间的相互作用加以分析,找到实现长效安全生产的途径和方法,从而建立安全生产长效机制。
In order to achieve safe production and long-term long maintained, will put the production process involves a variety of factors and interactions between them are analyzed, to find long-term safe production realization ways and methods, so as to establish a long-term effective mechanism of safety production.
伤亡事故多发的原因
Casualty accident reason
安全与生产相互依存,离开生产空讲安全没有意义, 而生产中造成的原因是多种多样的:
Safety and production of interdependence, leaving the production safety not empty talk, but production was caused by a variety of:
1.人的不安全行为。无论在什么活动中,人的行为总是占主导地位的。在生产作业活动中,违章操作、违章指挥、违反劳动纪律的“三违”现象仍是影响安全生产的重要因素。在伤亡事故中,由于“三违”造成的占50%以上。
1 people's unsafe behavior. No matter what the activity, human behavior is always the dominant. In production and operation activities, illegal operation, illegal command, violation of labor discipline" Three-violations" phenomenon is still influencing factors to safety production. In the accident, because the" Three-violation" caused by accounting for more than 50%.
2.物的不安全状 态。主要表现是设备状态不好、年久失修、带病运转,由此而导致的事故占事故总数的近20%。
The 2 thing and safety state. Main show is the equipment condition is not good, disrepair, in spite of operation, the resulting accidents accounted for the total number of incidents in recent 20%.
3.环境的不安全因素。主要是生产现场的环境条件不符合安全要求,如照明不良、地面不平。楼梯过陡、不防滑以及扶手护栏不符合安全要求等。这种因素导致的事故约占13%。
3 environmental unsafe factor. Is the main production site environmental conditions do not meet safety requirements, such as poor lighting, uneven ground. Stairs steep, non skid and handrails guardrail do not meet safety requirements. The factors leading to accidents accounted for about 13%.
上述三种原因造成的事故占 事故总数的8成以上。因此,要杜绝事故的发生,必须首先从这三方面加强控制。
The three causes of accidents accounted for the total number of incidents into more than 8. Therefore, to prevent accidents, must first from these three aspects to strengthen control.
影响安全生产长期效果的因素
Effects of long-term effects of factors of production safety
有的企业在安全生产方面做了不少工作,并曾取得较好的 效果,但总不能保持长久。实践证明,不能长期保持安全生产的原因主要在管理。
Some enterprises are in safe production respect to do many works, and have achieved good results, but can't keep long. Practice has proved, can maintain long-term safe production causes major in management.
1. 管理工作不规范。对安全工作不是按照规定和程序进行管理,而是把它作为临时性的工作。平时生产任务紧张,只忙于生产,忘记了安全。一旦发生事故,则亡羊补牢地采取一些措施。遇到安全大检查或上级统一部署的活动,就临时忙一阵子,头痛医头,脚痛医脚。这些问题直接导致各种事故发生。
In 1 the management of non-standard. On the security work is not in accordance with the rules and procedures for the management, but regard it as a temporary job. Peacetime production task tension, just busy with production, forget safety. Once an accident occurs, is to take some measures. Meet the safety inspection or superior to unite deploy, temporary busy for a while, no overall plan for a fundamental transformation. These problems led directly to various accidents.
2.法律法规和规章制度贯彻落实不到位。国家、行业和地方在安全生产方面发布了许多法律法规,但往往贯彻落实不到位。这既是“三违”现象多发的原因之一,也是安全生产不能保持长久的重要因素。
2 laws and regulations system carry out fulfil does not reach the designated position. National, trade and local production safety in issued many laws and regulations, but often implement does not reach the designated position. This is the phenomenon of" Three-violation" multiple reasons, also be safe production can't keep long important factors.
3.安全管理水平不高。安全管理是企业管理的一个重要组成部分。随着企业管理适应市场经济需求问题的逐步解决,安全管理方面存在的问题也需相应改进:一是安全生产责任制落得不实。企业的主要行政负责人是安全生产第一责任人,各部门和各层次的安全生产责任要横向到边,纵向到底,这样的安全生产责任制在一些企业里没有真正形成。二是培训教育跟不上,员工素质低。新工人人厂的三级教育、转岗换岗职工的岗位安全教育、职工日常的安全教育不能按要求实施,职工队伍的整体素质和安全意识不能提高。三是对本企业的危险因素底数不清。对重大事故隐患既没有整改计划,也没有有效的防范措施。四是设备维护保养跟不上,安全设备不齐全。生产设备是企业的基础资源之一,设备完好是保证企业本质安全的主要内容,但相当一些企业为了眼前的经济效益,采取吃老本、拼设备的办法。
3 safety management level is not high. Safety management is an important part of. Along with the enterprise management to meet the demand of market economy problem gradually resolved, safety management problems also needs corresponding improvement: one is the safe production responsibility system was not true. The chief utive is responsible for safe production person of the first responsibility, all departments and all levels of safety production responsibility to transverse to the edge, fore-and-aft after all, such a responsibility system for safety in production in some enterprises no real form. Two is the training and education does not follow to go up, the low quality of employees. The new worker's factory three level education, transfer the worker post safety education, safety education of workers daily can according to the requirements of the implementation, the overall quality of the workforce and improve safety awareness cannot. Three is the enterprise risk factors incomputable. Of major accident hazards without corrective action plan, there is no effective preventive measures. Four is the maintenance of equipment does not follow to go up, safety equipment is not complete. Production equipment is the foundation of the enterprise resource, equipment is the guarantee of enterprise intrinsic safety is main content, but quite a few enterprises to the immediate economic benefits, take rest on its laurels, spell equipment approach.
4.被动的管理模式影响。传统的安全管理模式一般是事前布置,中途例行检查再加上事故后处理。这种模式往往是根据上级旨意和红头文件来管理,而很少依据规章制度和规范化程序提出要求,不可避免地出现被动应付多,主动解决问题少的局面。安全工作总是靠外力来推动,没有形成一套主动的、具有自我约束、自我完善功能的有效机制,成为企业安全生产不能保持长期持久的根本原因所在。
4 passive management mode effect. The traditional safety management mode is generally arranged beforehand, midway routine check plus accident treatment. This pattern is often based on superior will and red head file management, and rarely according to regulations and standardization program request, inevitably passivity cope with the situation, take the initiative to solve the problem. Safety work is always rely on external forces to promote, did not form an active, with self restraint, self improvement function of the effective mechanism of safe production in enterprises, to be unable to maintain long-lasting reason.
建立并保持职业健康安全管理体系
Establish and maintain the occupation health safety management system
职业健康安全管理体系是20世纪80年代后期在国际上兴起的现代安全生产管理模式,是一套系统化、程序化,具有高度自我约束、自我完善机制的科学管理体系,为企业搞好职业健康安全工作提供了一套完整的解决方案。
Occupation health safety management system is in the late nineteen eighties international rise of the modern safety management mode, is a systematic, procedural, with a high degree of self-discipline, self improvement mechanism of scientific management system, do well for the enterprise occupation health and safety work provides a complete set of solutions.
一个有效的职业健康安全管理体系,必然要涉及与职业健康安全管理有关的组织机构及其职责和职能分配,涉及按照管理程序所实施的管理过程控制,涉及实施管理所需的资源(人、财、物等)支持等。职业健康安全管理体系具有以下特点:
An effective occupation health and safety management system, must be involved and occupation health and safety management of the organization and its duty and function allocation, relates to management program implemented by the management of process control, relating to the implementation of management needed resources (person, money, etc) to support etc.. Occupation health safety management system has the following characteristics:
1.先进性。先进性体现在把职业健康安全作为一个系统工程来对待。通过确定影响职业健康安全的要素,将管理过程和控制措施建立在科学的危险源辨识、风险评价基础上,对每一个要素规定具体要求,建立并保持一套体系文件,通过实施文件确保体系的有效运行。危险源辨识、风险评价与风险控制是职业健康安全管理体系的精髓所在,对各种预知的风险因素做到事前控制,扭转了跟在事故后面转的被动局面。
1 advanced. Advanced sex is reflected in the occupation health and safety as a system engineering to treat. By determining the effects of occupation health and safety factor, the management process and the control measures based on the scientific risk source recognition, risk evaluation based on, for each of the elements of a set specific requirements, establish and maintain a system file, through the implementation of file to ensure the effective functioning of the system. Hazard identification, risk evaluation and risk control of occupation health and safety management system is the essence of various risk factors to predict, accomplish beforehand control, reversed with accident behind turn the passive situation.
2.系统性。职业健康安 全管理体系强调结构化、程序化、文件化的管理手段。企业的安全工作实行程序化管理,这与传统的依赖管理执行者平时的主观能动性有着根本区别。各部门、各层次的相关人员的安全管理必须按体系文件的规定程序和要求来实施,同时还要进行各部门和各层次之间的交流与衔接,这样可以杜绝管理工作一阵风的突击做法,避免部门之间、岗位层次之间的职责不清。
2 system. Occupation health safety management system, stressing structured program, file management method. The safety work of enterprises to implement management procedures, with the traditional dependency management utives usually subjective initiative has a fundamental difference. Various departments, various levels of related personnel safety management system documents must be in accordance with the procedures and requirements to implement, but also for all departments and all levels of exchanges and cohesion, this can avoid management work a gust of wind assault practices, avoid between departments, post responsibility is not clear between layers.
3.全方位全过程控制。职业健康安全管理体系首先强调组织机构方面的系统性,要求把标准中的17个要素逐一落实到相关部门,并确定其归口管理部门的职责,同时明确对各层次的要求,使责任制真正落实到部门和各基层各单位。这个体系还特别强调对产品生产各个环节和各个作业活动的全过程控制,无论是人的不安全行为、物的不安全状态,还是环境的不安全因素,均在控制范围之内。
The 3 all-around and whole process control. Occupation health safety management system firstly emphasizes the organization system, requirements of the standard of 17 elements one by one to implement to the relevant departments, and determine their centralized management responsibilities, while clearly on all levels of demand, the responsibility to truly implement the departments and the grassroots units. This system has a particular emphasis on the production of each link and each operation activities of the entire process control, whether it is unsafe human behavior, unsafe condition of things, or environmental unsafe factor, both in the control range.
4.两个承诺。承诺遵守法律法规和承诺持续改 进是企业建立职业健康安全管理体系,制定职业健康安全方针时必须表明的内容。
4 a two promise. Commitment to abide by the laws and regulations and the commitment to continuous improvement in enterprises and the establishment of occupation health and safety management system, establish occupation health and safety guidelines must be shown that the contents of.
( 1)承诺遵守法律法规。职业健康安全管理体系将企业的职业健康安全管理与本单位的整体管理融为一体,将遵守国家法律法规和其他要求由原来主要依靠各级政府和上级部门督促检查的行政行为,变为企业主动作出承诺的市场行为,从而促进员工遵章守纪的自觉性,使安全工作由被动消极的服从转变为积极主动的参与。
( 1) commitment to abide by the laws and regulations. Occupation health safety management system enterprise's occupation health and safety management and the overall management of the unit com., will abide by the national laws and regulations and other requirements from the original mainly depends on governments at all levels and departments at higher levels supervise administrative behavior, for enterprises to take the initiative to make a commitment to market behavior, so as to promote staff compliance Shouji consciousness, make safety work by passive obedience into active participation.
(2)承诺持续改进。职业健康安全管理体系的运行原理是戴明模式(PDCA循环),通过周而复始地进行PDCA活动,使职业健康安全总体绩效不断提高。它要求实施职业健康安全管理体系应保持持续改进意识,对体系不断修正和完善,实现预防和控制工伤事故和职业病,避免财产及其他损失的目的。
( 2) a commitment to continuous improvement. Occupation health safety management system operation principle is the Deming model ( PDCA cycle ), through go round and begin again for PDCA activity, occupation health and safety to improve overall performance. It requires the implementation of occupation health and safety management system shall maintain continuous improvement of consciousness, the system continuously revised and improved, to achieve the prevention and control of occupational accidents and occupation disease, to avoid the loss of property and other.
综上所述,建立并保持职业健康安全管理体系,可以有效地克服传统管理模式的弊端,真正确立企业安全生产的主体地位。诸多获证企业取得的职业健康安全绩效表明,建立并保持职业健康公兰首埋体系是头现女全生产的长效机制。
To sum up, to establish and maintain occupation health and safety management system, can effectively overcome the disadvantages of traditional management mode, establish a real enterprise safety production status of main body. Many enterprises which have obtained the certificate obtained occupation health and safety performance indicate, establish and maintain occupation health male orchid first embedded system is the head shows female the long-term mechanism of production.

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